Pictured: A Nofima researcher investigates bacterial cultures in the lab.
Pictured: A Nofima researcher investigates bacterial cultures in the lab.Photo: Nofima.

Blue innovation: 20 key science and technology stories of 2023

Twenty of the top research and tech news stories WeAreAquaculture covered during the past year.

1. Full replacement of fish oil with algae oil in salmon feed is possible

Dr. Kyla Zatti is responsible for BioMar's paper on the complete replacement of fish oil with algae oil.
Dr. Kyla Zatti is responsible for BioMar's paper on the complete replacement of fish oil with algae oil. Photo: BioMar.

WeAreAquaculture spoke with Dr. Kyla Zatti, head of BioMar’s study showing that complete substitution of fish oil with algae oil not only has no detrimental effects on salmon performance but also benefits human health and the environment.

2. Norway must take climate change into account when planning aquaculture

Nofima's Elisabeth Ytteborg is researching how warmer oceans affect cod.
Nofima's Elisabeth Ytteborg is researching how warmer oceans affect cod. Photo: Lars Åke Andersen / Nofima.

Nofima researcher Elisabeth Ytteborg is researching how warmer oceans affect cod farming - and says rising seawater temperatures around Norway puts its future farmed fish at risk.

3. The battle continues against sea lice

Cemaq plans to use lasers to treat salmon lice.
Cemaq plans to use lasers to treat salmon lice. Photo: Cermaq.

Early detection of sea lice could soon become a reality, as researchers trial a new technique using holographic cameras. The technology, developed by a team of Scottish researchers, brings together holographic 3D imaging, machine learning and artificial intelligence, to detect whether sea lice larvae are present in sea water.

Meanwhile, Norwegian salmon farming giant Cermaq announced it is rolling out laser technology to treat salmon lice at some of its facilities in Nordland and Finnmark.

4. Large-scale production of single-cell protein ingredients, one step closer

The new MicroHarvest laboratory and pilot plant in Lisbon will bring large-scale production of single-cell protein ingredients one step closer for everyone.
The new MicroHarvest laboratory and pilot plant in Lisbon will bring large-scale production of single-cell protein ingredients one step closer for everyone.Photo: MicroHarvest.

Biotech startup MicroHarvest recently launched a cutting-edge pilot plant in Lisbon that will enable the company to accelerate the path to commercialization of its single-cell protein ingredients.

5. Making offshore aquaculture a reality

The aim of SINTEF's Exposed project is to develop knowledge and technologies for EXPOSED aquaculture operations, enabling a sustainable expansion of the fish farming industry.
The aim of SINTEF's Exposed project is to develop knowledge and technologies for EXPOSED aquaculture operations, enabling a sustainable expansion of the fish farming industry. Photo: SINTEF.

WeAreAquaculture spoke to Hans Bjelland, Director of EXPOSED, SINTEF's Center for research and innovation on sustainable offshore seafood production, to find out about the future of offshore and exposed aquaculture

6. Farmed fish should keep fit for faster growth

Salmon are naturally fast-swimming, athletic fish, but the researchers also found that exercise boosted growth in non-salmonid aquaculture species such as yellowtail kingfish.
Salmon are naturally fast-swimming, athletic fish, but the researchers also found that exercise boosted growth in non-salmonid aquaculture species such as yellowtail kingfish.Photo: Adobe Stock.

A new study by researchers at Australia's Murdoch University revealed that exercise regimes can help fish of all species to reach marketable sizes at an accelerated rate, boosting production efficiency for aquaculture operations. The findings showed that fish that had been exercised by manipulating water currents grew around 10% quicker than fish kept in still water.

7. AI to support ethical and sustainable shrimp farming

The researchers used machine vision to detect shrimp length and calculate the individual weight.
The researchers used machine vision to detect shrimp length and calculate the individual weight. Photo: Oceanloop.

A German consortium including land-based shrimp farmer Oceanloop achieves 95% accuracy in monitoring and detection of growth, size, mortality and stress of shrimp in land-based aquaculture.

8. Closing the loop on aquaculture waste with marine worms

Dr Georgina Robinson, lead researcher and founder of the spin-out N-ovatio-N, which uses marine worms to treat aquaculture waste.
Dr Georgina Robinson, lead researcher and founder of the spin-out N-ovatio-N, which uses marine worms to treat aquaculture waste.Photo: Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) / Georgina Robinson.

A Scottish spin-out trials novel chemical-free approach to treating aquaculture waste with Scottish Sea Farms, growing marine worms as potential feed ingredient.

9. Advances in research on Atlantic bluefin tuna

An Atlantic bluefin tuna in the wild. Juveniles of the species may be forced out of their traditional nursery grounds in the Mediterranean as water temperatures continue to rise over the next 50 years.
An Atlantic bluefin tuna in the wild. Juveniles of the species may be forced out of their traditional nursery grounds in the Mediterranean as water temperatures continue to rise over the next 50 years.Photo: Adobe Stock.

The return of bluefin tuna to Northern European waters is a conservation success story, but rising sea temperatures in their Mediterranean nursery grounds means bluefins are likely to seek cooler waters within 50 years, new research shows. This means their recovery may be short-lived - unless fishery managers adapt their approach.

In other research advances on Atlantic bluefin tuna this year, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography unlocks the secrets of their reproduction, while in Norway, the live capture and storage of bluefin was achieved for the first time by researchers, in collaboration with local fishermen.

10. Norwegian researchers get to grips with winter ulcers in salmon

Photo: Nofima.

Last winter, many farmed salmon died of winter ulcers caused by bacterial infections. Now Nofima researchers say they have new knowledge about salmon skin and vaccines, which may be useful for fish farmers during the coming winter.

11. ‘Aquaculture 4.0’: vision technologies and AI to improve the production process

The 'Aquaculture 4.0' project developed by the Aquaculture Cluster Technology Center applies vision technologies and AI to improve the production chain of individuals in aquaculture facilities.
The 'Aquaculture 4.0' project developed by the Aquaculture Cluster Technology Center applies vision technologies and AI to improve the production chain of individuals in aquaculture facilities. Photo: Centro Tecnológico del Clúster de la Acuicultura (CETGA).

The iFarm project aims to enhance the health and welfare of fish in cage systems through AI technology. This is achieved using machine learning algorithms to recognize and monitor individual fish within the cages.

The project, which is said to be "the ChatGPT of aquaculture", has been developed in Galicia, Spain, and has consolidated the Aquaculture Cluster Technology Center as a world reference.

12. UK seaweed farming industry needs public trust to succeed

Dr Suzi Billing, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), is the lead author of the WWF-funded report.
Dr Suzi Billing, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), is the lead author of the WWF-funded report.Photo: SAMS.

Social license is key to growth of the seaweed industry, with lessons to be learned from more established aquaculture sectors, according to research by the Scottish Association for Marine Science.

13. Farmed wolffish could be next on the menu

Atlantic wolffish  (Anarhichas lupus) needs specialised high-protein feed to become commercially viable. Swedish research suggests using shrimp and herring waste could be a solution.
Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) needs specialised high-protein feed to become commercially viable. Swedish research suggests using shrimp and herring waste could be a solution.Photo: Adobe Stock.

New research from the University of Gothenburg suggests commercial farming of wolffish could become viable by developing feed from shrimp waste, in addition to breeding program.

14. Harmful jellyfish sightings on the increase in Norway's coastal waters

Harmful jellyfish fragments can enter fish farming pens, stinging salmon and leading to infections and mortalities.
Harmful jellyfish fragments can enter fish farming pens, stinging salmon and leading to infections and mortalities.Photo: Erling Svensen / Havforskningsinstituttet (The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research).

The "barbed wire" jellyfish, whose sting can prove fatal for farmed fish, have been spotted in increasing numbers especially in Western Norway. The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (Havforskningsinstituttet) received around 250 separate reports of "Perlesnormanet" jellyfish ("barbed wire" jellyfish, Apolemia uvaria) sightings in just one week.

15. CtrlAQUA provides latest knowledge on closed containment systems in aquaculture

Per Brunsvik and Åsa Espmark with RAS facilities for salmon, on Sunndalsøra, Norway.
Per Brunsvik and Åsa Espmark with RAS facilities for salmon, on Sunndalsøra, Norway. Photo: CtrlAQUA / Nofima.

Looking back on eight years of the CtrlAQUA project, Nofima lead researcher Åsa Maria Espmark says closed containment technologies have enormous potential. WeAreAquaculture met with her to discuss the project's findings and relevance for the salmon industry.

16. Marine heatwaves are here to stay, say scientists

Satellite data from the NOAA showing marine heatwave around the UK and Ireland in June 2023.
Satellite data from the NOAA showing marine heatwave around the UK and Ireland in June 2023.Image source: NOAA.

After a summer of "extreme" and "beyond extreme" heatwaves in the Northern Atlantic, better monitoring is urgently needed to counteract the "new normal" of extreme ocean temperatures, according to research published in the journal Nature.

17. Cermaq and BioSort launch the fourth iFarm, the AI-based aquaculture project

Fish release at iFarm in Vesterålen.
Fish release at iFarm in Vesterålen. Photo by: Cermaq.

The fourth version of the Artificial Intelligence-based project "iFarm", a collaboration between Cermaq and BioSort, was deployed in Vesterålen in June 2023. The iFarm project aims to enhance the health and welfare of fish in cage systems through AI technology. This is achieved using machine learning algorithms to recognize and monitor individual fish within the cages.

18. EU study says farmed fish welfare needs a rethink

Atlantic Salmon.
Atlantic Salmon. Photo by: Adobe Stock.

The EU needs to impose specific requirements for farmed fish welfare - and different species have different needs, according to research led by Professor Michail Pavlidis of the University of Crete, requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries.

The researchers used a variety of research methods, including consultations with stakeholders and case studies, to shed light on fish welfare requirements, covering European sea bass, gilthead sea bream, rainbow trout, common carp, and Atlantic salmon.

19. Caviar for Christmas? It could be illegal - or not even caviar

Caviar can only legally be produced by farmed sturgeon, but poachers are breaking the rules as consumer continue to demand wild products, researchers say.
Caviar can only legally be produced by farmed sturgeon, but poachers are breaking the rules as consumer continue to demand wild products, researchers say.Photo: Adobe Stock.

Caviar can only be legally produced from farmed sturgeon, but regulations are being broken by illegal poaching - while some products sold to consumers aren't actually caviar, new research shows.

20. Enormous breeding potential in microalgae

"Now it has been demonstrated that breeding can significantly increase the omega-3 content in microalgae." Marie Lillehammer (pictured) is the researcher behind the study.
"Now it has been demonstrated that breeding can significantly increase the omega-3 content in microalgae." Marie Lillehammer (pictured) is the researcher behind the study. Photo: Jon-Are Berg Jacobsen © Nofima.

Researchers at the Nofima have confirmed that microalgae can exhibit faster growth and increased omega-3 production through selective breeding, making them a more compelling option as a feed ingredient.

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